Impact of Temperature and Water on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Maize (Zea mays L.)

Germination and seedling development are essential stages in a plant’s life cycle, greatly influenced by temperature moisture conditions. The aim of this study was to determine maize (Zea mays L.) seeds’ germination under various abiotic stresses. Eight different levels, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 °C, were used. Drought waterlogging stresses tested using 30 water levels based on one-milliliter intervals as percentages thousand kernel weight (TKW) at 20 25 °C. Seedling density the use antifungals also examined. Temperature significantly affected duration growth, °C found be ideal with an optimal range less than occurred 25% TKW. for growth higher broader germination. Seed size assisted defining requirements providing accurate basis. present research established optimum supply 150–325% TKW development. A total 6 seeds per 9 cm Petri dish may preferable over greater densities. technique priming antifungal solution before planting observed have better effect applying it media.